Hydraulic nozzle.



W. M. WHITE.

HYDRAULIC NozzLE.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 2'7, 1912.

1,055,958. Patented Mar. 11,1913.

lNVEN-l-CIIR- EYE-..11 4

Z/MQATTDRNE'Y I UNITED STATES WILLIAM M. WHITE, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

HYDRAULIC NOZZLE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led May 27, 1912. Serial No. 700,541.

T 0 afl wlw/1t 'it may concern.

Be it known that I, lViLLiAM M. VHITE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State ofWisconsin, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inHydraulic Nozzles, of which the following is a specilication.

This invention relates to improvements in the construction of hydraulicnozzles such as are universally used to direct jets of Water against thebuckets of impulse water wheels.

The object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic nozzle which issimple in construction, efficient in operation, and in which the meansfor changing the direction and size of the jet are confined within astation- -ary nozzle casing.

In deflect-ing hydraulic nozzles as heretofore constructed, severalobjectionable features have been found to exist. One of these is thatthe enormous hydro-staticpressure on the large area of the pipe measuredat the spherical oint where the packing i`s inserted, althoughdiminished somewhat by the reactive thrust induced by the jet asitleaves the nozzle acts, directly7 against the nozzle pivots, causingthese pivots to wear very rapidly. Another objectionable feature of thedeflecting nozzles as heretofore constructed is that due to theadaptability of the nozzle to swing through an arc, the opening into thecasing for the nozzle` must be large enough to'permit swinging, and asit is left open to atmosphere at that point, permits water to splashback into the pi .e pit. With the present invention these o jectionablefeatures are obviated.

A clear conception of several embodiments of the invention can be had byreferring to the drawing accompanying and formin a part of thisspecification, in which like re erence characters designate the same orsimilar parts in the various views.

Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a hydraulicinstallation, showing an impact water wheel and deflect-ing nozzle fordelivering a jet of water thereto. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the nozzleand its actuating mechanism. Fig. 3 is an enlarged, transverse,-vertical section through the nozzle and a portion `of its supply pipe.Fig. 4 is an enlarged, transverse, horizontal sec-tion through thenozzle and a portion of its supply pipe. Fig. 5 is an enlarged,transverse, vertical section through a modified form of Patented Mar.11, 1913.',V

the nozzle and a portion of the supply pipe.

Fig. 6 is a horizontal section of an enlarged fragment of the nozzledisclosed in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive.

The stationary nozzle casing, see Fig. 1, consists substantially of aninlet portion l0 and a discharge portion 2. The main supply pipe 1connects with the inlet portion 10 of the nozzle casing, while asuitable opening 45 formed through the discharge ,portion 2 of thecasing, opens directly into the turbine inclosing casing 60. The impulseturbine 4 has a series of buckets 5 which are, during' normal operation,located in line With the discharge opening 45 of the nozzle casingportion 2. The deflector plateA 6 is adapted to direct downwardly anywater from the jet after leaving the buckets 5 of the wheel 4. The pitthrough which the main supply pipe 1 passes, is separated from theinterior of the casing by means of a partition 26 which closelysurrounds the nozzle portion 10 forming a hermetically sealed connectionwith the casing 60, and absolutely prevent-s any splash Water fromentering the pipe line pit.

The end of the stationary nozzle portion 2 adjacent the dischargeopening 45, is provided with a cover plate 24 which is bolted to the,portion 2 by means of nuts and studs 27, see Fig. 6. The shell or hood30, see Figs. 3, 4 and 6, is hemispherical in shape and has a passagewhich connects with the opening 45 formed therethrough. This hood 30 issuspended within the stationary nozzle portions 10, 2, by means ofcoaxial stub shafts 8 which `are supported in bearings formed directlyin the casing portions 2, l0. Suitable stuffing boxes 49 are p-rovidedat the casing portions where the stub shafts 8 leave the nozzle casingsand prevent leakage of water from within the nozzle to the atmosphere.The chamber 35 which exists be- .tween the hood 30 and the casingportion 2 connects at the rear with the interior of the hood 80. Thedischarge portion 29 is secured to t-he hood 30 and has a curved outerbearing surface either spherical or cylindricall which coacts with aseries of packing strips 33 supported in the cap 24. These packingstrips 33 are forced against the portion 29 by a segmental retainer ring32 which is forced against the packing strips 33 by means of a ringwedge 31. The ring wedge 31 is adapted vto be drawn toward the cap 24 bymeans of a series of bolts 28. The

portions of the packing strips 33 having the greatest diameters, areexposed to the charnber 35 so that any pressure established within thechamber 35 will also tend to force the packing stripsl 33 against thedischarge portion 29 of the hood 30. The discharge portion 29 is soformed that by coaction with the needle 3, fiuid leaving the interier ofthe hood 30 through t-he discharge opening 45 formed in the dischargeportion .29` wil leave in the form of a solid cylindrical jet. Anannular lip 34 formed on the discharge portion v29 adjacent thedischarge opening 45 lis so directed that any water which escapes fromthe chamber 35l and passes along the outer spherical surface of thedischarge portion 29 will automat-ically iiow in the direction of thejet. This feature permits this leakage water to mingle with the jetwithout disturbing the outer surface of the jet.

The' casing 41 has the chamber 43 formed on the interior thereof and issupported from thehood 30 by a series of ribs 42.

The needle 3, see Figs. 3 and 4, the axis-lF of which is coincident withthe axis of the discharge opening'45, is mounted to slide in the casing41. Rotation of the needle 3 is prevented by means of a pin which coactsin a slot in the needle 3. The screw shaft 38 which is secured to theneedle'3, is guided in a casing portion 40 which is secured to thecasing 41. The cap 39 incloses the end of the' casing 40.l The bevelgear 44 is threaded upon the screw shaft 38, being fixed against lateralmovement by coaction with an end surface on the casing 41 and casingportion 40, the former being aball bearing. The bevel pinion 46, whichmeshes with the gear 44, is carried by a shaft 48 which connects with anoperating shaft 23. The shaft 48 is of a diameter slightly larger thanthe external diameter of the pinion 46, being so constructed in order topermit removal of the shaft and pinion through the interiorof the stubshaft 8. A suitab e stuingbox 25 is provided at the .end of the enlargedshaft 48, thus preventing displacement of the' shaft 48 withimthe stubshaft 8. The shield 37 is adapted to direct fluid leaving the nozzleportion 10 into the interior of the hood 30.

The shaft 23, the outer free end of which is provided with a bevel gear,is rotatable by means of a hand wheel 9 secured to the upper end of theshaft 12. The lower end of the shaft 12 is provided with the bevel gear11 which' meshes with the bevel gear on the free end of the shaft 23.The regulator or servo-motor 200, which is actuated by the g'overnor inthe usual manner, is providel with a piston 15 which is adapted toreciprocate between the piston chambers 21, 22. The connecting rod 14connects the piston 15, with the outer end of a crank 7.

1,055,9asy

The crank 7 is adapted to oscillate the stub shaft 8 -to which the hood30 is connected.

In the modifiedform of nozzle, see Fig. 5, the hood 59 is provided witha central cylindrical casing 51 which is supported con- 1 .Qentricallywithin the hood 59 by means of a series of ribs o8. The needle 55, theaxis of which is coincident with the axis of the discharge opening 45,is adapted to be rcciprocated within the casing 51 by means of a crank53. The crank 53 is o erated by means of a shaft 54. The end o the crank53 is connected to a pin 56on the needle 55 by means of a connection 52.The needle can be removed from the casing 51 by removal of the cap 57 ordischarge portion 29.

The pipe 13 connects the grease chamber 16 with a conduit 47 formedthrough one of the stub shafts 8 ard leading into the chamber 43. Thepiston 17 is connected to a second' piston 18, the end of which isexposed to the piston chamber 19. The pipe 2() connects the pistonchamber 19 with the supply pipe 1, thus establishing supply pipepressure on the piston 18.

In. hydraulic installations having very long pipe lines, it has beenfound that by suddenly reducing or increasing the size of the jet attimes when a decrease or increase in the power was desired, the'shockresulting from such sudden variation in the discharge would damage thepipe line. It is therefore desirable to provide either a bypass valvethrough which a'sudden variation in'discharge of water can be made atthe same time the size of the jet is being varied, or a means forsuddenly changing the direction of the jet prior to slowly varying thesize thereof. The latter system is the preferred form.

During the normal operation of the turbine under full load, the needle 3and hood 30 are in the position shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The needle 3 isin its extreme position away from the discharge orifice or opening 45,-while the axis of the hood 30 is in line with that of the supply ipe 1and with the impact circle of the huckets 5.

lThe jet leaving the discharge orifice or opening 45 impinges directlyagainst the buckets 5 and after having transmitted its energy to thewheel 4, the water falls by gravlty into the discharge Hume. If it is'desired to decrease the power, the turbine governor automatically actsto increase the pressure in thepiston chamber 22 of the servo-motor orregulator 200, thereby causing the piston l5 to move upwardly. Thisupward movement ofthe piston 15 causes the lever 7 to swing up. Themotion of the lever 7 is transmitted through the stub shaft 8 to thehood 30 and causes the axis of this hood to take a position away fromthe impact circle of the buckets 5 and at an angle'gt the axis of thepipe line 1. The

extent of this motion or angle depends upon the amount of variation inthe power, and if it is desired to shut off the power entirely, the hood30 will be so shifted that the jet entirely clears the buckets Thedeflection of the jet by shifting the hood 30 is accomplished in a verysho-rt period of time. After deflection of the jet, the size of the jetcan be decreased Very slowly either by manually operating the hand wheel9, or by one of the well known automatic devices which may also beconnected to the turbine governor. Bv manually operating the hand Awheel9, the shafts 12, 23, 48, are rotated,

causing the bevel pinion 46 to rotate. The rotary motion of the pinion46 is transmit ted to the bevel gear 44, which is held against lateralmovement between lthe end portions of the casing 41 and the casingportion 40. The rotation of the bevel gear 44 causes the threaded shaft38 and needle 3 to move forward, thereby decreasing the area of thedischarge orifice or opening 45 with a resulting decrease in the size ofthe jet leaving this opening 45. After the size of the jet has beensufficiently varied, the turbine governor automatically operates toincrease the pressure in the chamber 21 of the servo-motor or regulator200, causing the piston 15 to move downwardly. Thisv downward motion ofthe piston 15 is transmitted through the connection 14, lever 7 and stubshaft 8 to the hood 30, causing the axis of the hood to again move intoalinement with the aXis of the pipe line 1. This return of the hood 30to its normal position again causes the jet, the size of which how everremains decreased, to impinge against the buckets 5 at their mosteffective portion-s. It will be notedthat if an increaser in the poweris required, the reverse operation of the nozzle will take place. Itshould also be noted that b v first deflecting the jet and then varyingrthe size thereof, an efficient means for avoiding shock in the supplypipe line, as well as for saving water, is provided.

By forming the nozzle casing stationary all of the externaloperatingmechanism for the hood 30 and needle 3 can be so located thatit is easily accessible from the pipe line pit. This mechanism moreoveris free from subject-ion to the splash water within the turbine casing60 because of the hermetically sealed joint between the casing and thenozzle. The chamber 35 is under full pipe line pressure, this pressurebeing admitted to the chamber 35 through the space between the guard 37and the hood 30, the resultant` pressure on the hood 30 is rearward. Asthe pressure on the interior of the hood 30 decreases near the dischargeopening 45, and as the effective area is greater than the effective areaof the hood subjected to the pressure of the chamber this full pressureof chamber 35 tends to substantially counterbalance the reduced forwardpressure within the hood. The heretofore ob jectionable feature indefiecting nozzles of having the hydro-static pressure within the nozzleminus the reactive thrust induced by the jet fall upon the nozzle pivotsis entirely eliminated. The device can be so designed that the pressurewithin the chamber 35 which acts against the hood 30 substantiallybalances the pressure acting on the opposed areas thereof, thuspermitting the oscillation of the hood and deflection of the'jet withverylittle power.

The chamber 43 formed within the casing 41 and casing portion 40, isnormally lled with grease under pipe line pressure. This grease isadmitted to the chamber 43 through the passage 47 and pipe 13 from thegrease chamber 16. The pipe line pressure is transmitted to the greasewithin the cham ber 16 through the pipe 20, chamber 19, and theconnected pistons 18, 17. This filling of the chamber 43 with greaseprovides perfect lubrication for the gears 44, 46, the needle 3, and theoperating shaft 48.

In the modified form, see Fig. 5, the hood 59 is oscillated in a mannersimilar to that above disclosed in the operation of the hood 30. Theneedle 55 instead of being shifted by means of gears. is operated by acrank 53, oscillation of which is effected through a shaft 54.

It should be understood that it is not de* sired to be limited to theexact details of construction shown and described, for obviousmodifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent 1. In a nozzle, astationary casing, a fluid supply pipe connected to said casing, movablemeans within said casing. means for controlling the size of the jetdischarged from said casing, and means for shifting said movable meansto change the direction of the et.

2. In a nozzle, a stationary casing, a fluid supply pipe connected tosaid casing, movable means within said casing and having a passageformed therethrough, means for cont-rolling the size of said passage,and means for shifting said movable means to change the direction of thejet discharged fro-m said passage.

3. In a nozzle. a casing, a supply pipe co-nnectedto said casing, andmeans located entirely within said casing for changing .the direction ofthe jet discharged from said casing.

4. Ina nozzle, a casing, means for supply-A ing fluid under pressure tosaid casing, and means within said casing for changing bot-h thedirection and size of the jet discharged from said casing.

5. In a nozzle, a stationary casing, a

fluid supply pipe connected to said casing, jet direction changing meansswingable on an axis and entirely within said casing, operating meansfor said jet direction changing means, jet size changing means entirelywithin said casing, and operating means for said jet changing meansincluding an externally operable shaft having an axis common with saidaxis of swing.

G. In a nozzle, a casing, a supply pipe connected to said casing, meansfor changing the direction of the jet leaving said casing, and means forsubstantially balancing the pressure on opposite sides of said jetdirection changing means.

7. In a nozzle, a casing, a supply pipe connected to said casing, meansfor changing the direction of the jet leaving said casing, and meansproviding a counterbalancing pressure on said jet direction changingmeans.

8. In a nozzle, a casing,

a supply pipe connected to said casing,

and a hood for changing the direction of the jet and spaced from saidcasing to form a pressure chamber.

9. In a nozzle, a casing, a supply pipe for said casing, a hood spacedfrom said casing to form a counterbalancing pressurechamcounterbalancing ber, means for packing the joint between said hoodand casing, and means on the hood for directing'in the direction of thejet, the leakage past said packing.

10. In a nozzle, a casing, a supply pipe connected to said casing, means-for changing the size of the jet leaving said casing, means foroperating said jet size changin means, said operating means beingisolated within a chamber surrounded by the water within said casing,under pressure lubricant to said chamber.

11. In a nozzle, means for deflecting the jet, and means forcounterbalancing the reactive thrust induced by the jet, on the jetldeflect-ing means. l

12. The combination of a water wheel casing, a nozzle having ahermetically sealed connection to said casmg, and means within saidnozzle for deecting the jet from said nozzle.

In testimony whereof, the signature of the inventor is affixed heretooftwo witnesses.

W. M. WHITE.

Witnesses:

G. F. DE WEiN, H. C. CASE.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents.

Washington, D. C.

and means for supplying in the presence.

